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這是許多學生還有家長和顧問初次談話中第一個問題。大家普遍知道課外活動在名校申請是非常重要的,但是實際上對「為什麼重要」及「學校看重什麼」卻一知半解。其實,學校不是只收有參與特定活動的學生。學生及家長在高中時期,不應該是以一種「學校有某種隱形標準,所以我要照這個標準去發展」,像是考試解題一般的華人思維去選擇課外活動。 活動項目是不是越多越好? 這是錯誤的觀念。無論是哪個版本的課外活動,學生都應該把最精華的部分提供給學校。沒有人喜歡看流水帳。評審委員每年要看幾千份申請,許多學生的活動又大同小異,你若是還拼命地列出所有活動,反而會讓評審放空、失去興趣。 Common application系統有10項活動的上限,University of California能夠列出20項,另外學生可自行上傳word檔案版本的履歷(以一頁為佳)。無論是哪個版本,即使你目前沒有一個明確的發展目標或是興趣,也應該選擇性地列出最重要的課外活動。
無論在美國、英國、或加拿大,越好的學校越要求有自覺的全人教育,不是只會讀書的乖小孩。因此, 課外活動的重要性是讓學校在成績外能夠對學生有更全面的認識。你選擇列出哪些活動及對各個活動的敘述能夠表現出幾個不同的面相:
是否只需反應一個面相?需要全部面相都觸及嗎?
學校如何評量活動?有分好壞嗎? 很多人認為要是參與活動沒有得名、得獎、擔任領導角色,或是活動很普遍,就不值得寫。其實,學校對學生活動的成就有許多種定義。 你在一個活動投入的時間長短能夠間接的展現你對這項活動本身、或是活動背後的目標有多少熱忱。因此,長期的參與同一個活動,或是長期參與目標類似但性質不同的活動,都能算是一種成就。當然,要是有得名、得獎、或是擔任領導角色,都是相當好的經驗。 另外一種成就是在個人成長上的啟發。有些活動雖然時間不長,但是給你很多啟發,給你新的目標或是動機,讓你對自己、文化、社會、或是某個議題有更深的認識。這類活動通常是寫申請作文的好題材,也是另一種成就。參與國際項目、交換學生、留學、義工及社會服務⋯等都是常見的例子。 有很多學生在高中階段對自己的興趣還不是很清楚,所以不是有目標性的專注某類型活動,而是什麼都嘗試。雖然有明確目標的學生在申請寫作上稍佔優勢,不代表還沒確立目標的學生就完蛋了。什麼都嘗試也有分別:有些人是漫無目的地聽從別人安排,什麼都嘗試,但是什麼都沒熱忱。有些人是積極的照現有興趣探索,有目的性地透過參與了解適合自己的活動/主修/專業。所以,如果你目前目標還不明確,不用太擔心活動太雜。只要你反映出你的自主性還有積極探索的態度,同樣能寫出精彩的學生活動。 |
How to Write ...
課外活動的撰寫
Common application 及 University of California 這兩個系統在課外活動上的要求及撰寫重點有蠻大的差異。以下提供活動撰寫要點及範例。
字數限制及項目數量
首先,兩個系統最大的差異是能夠提供的活動項目數量及字數限制。雖然common app 的項目數量相較下看似少很多,但用來描述高中四年最重要的活動仍然非常充足。
|
|
項目數量 |
活動分類 |
字數限制(含空格) |
|
Common App |
10 |
30 |
150字元數 |
|
UC |
20 |
6 |
250/350字元數 |
請注意!字元數跟字數是不同的計量單位。Scholar有7個字元數,是一個字。基本上就是注音符號跟國字的差別。所有的申請系統都是以字元數為單位。
活動敘述跟寫心得一樣嗎?
Common app中的活動建議客觀的陳述事實,句子盡量以動詞開頭,而非主詞“I”。 UC中的活動可以在這基礎上增加一些主觀的想法、心得。無論哪個系統,所有活動敘述建議從以下五個方面做總結。
- 組織宗旨/目標
- 活動目標/形式
- 你所扮演的角色
- 職責及貢獻
- 成果
組織宗旨/目標與活動目標/形式的差異
例如:雖然飢餓30是世界展望會所組織的活動,兩者的目標有些許的不同。世界展望會的宗旨是幫助台灣及國外的貧困兒童,有多樣助學、社區重建及發展、兒少保護、家庭發展⋯等計畫。飢餓30則是針對國外因天災、戰亂所造成的飢荒做募款。你若是在世界展望會做義工,可以簡單描述組織宗旨,間接的闡明你所關注的社會議題。你若是一次性的參與飢餓30募款, 說明上應該針對此活動的目標,間接描述的可能是你的社會責任感。
參與人數要寫嗎?
不只要提供參與人數,能量化的東西都應該量化。 能夠量化的項目包括:
- 時間(練習/準備的時間、活動舉辦/練習頻率、活動為期時間⋯)
- 人數(觀眾人數、參與人數、服務人數⋯)
- 項目數量(研究project件數、實習case件數、組織多少活動、參與多少次⋯)
怎樣才能把自己寫的很厲害或是與眾不同?
盡量用主動語態(active voice)還有動作動詞(action verb)。 這樣的呈現方式比較能夠表現出你主動、積極的一面。 主通語態的句子不僅主/受詞更為清晰,通常也比被動語態(passive voice)精簡。在字元數嚴格要求下,更能讓你做完整的描述。
中文也有主動與被動語態之分,例如:
- 主動語態:我吃了蘋果
- 被動語態:蘋果被我吃掉了
用英文寫作時,最好盡量使用主動語態。例如:
- Active voice: I mentored 10 juniors in the Model United Nations Club.
- Passive voice: 10 juniors were mentored by me in the Model United Nations Club.
- Active voice: I categorized and analyzed 100 data points.
- Passive voice: I was assigned to categorize and analyze 100 data points.
動作動詞跟主動語態是互相加乘的。以下為撰寫學生活動時常用的動詞—你也可以上網搜尋“action verb word bank”參考其他的字庫。
|
Achieve |
Adapt |
Advocate |
Analyze |
Answer |
Award |
|
Care for |
Coach/mentor |
Collaborate |
Communicate |
Coordinate |
Create |
|
Design |
Develop |
Edit |
Establish |
Examine |
Facilitate |
|
Found |
Improve |
Inform |
Inspect |
Instruct |
Integrate |
|
Interact |
Maintain |
Manage |
Motivate |
Negotiate |
Organize |
|
Plan |
Program |
Promote |
Raise (money/awareness) |
Research |
Resolve |
|
Study |
Teach/tutor |
Test |
Train |
Translate |
Volunteer |
以下 Sample 供參考 (同學可藉由前後對照,來知道量化跟動詞的重要性)
Here are several before-and-after comparisons and comments to explain why changes were made.
Extracurricular Activity
Example 1
- The main work is to teach English to the kids that can be advantage for them to find jobs and also to exchange with international volunteers in the future. Also, we do some workshops with them with NVDA for forests
- Led English workshops and encouraged students to take part in international and service opportunities through the Network for Voluntary Development in Asia
Note:
- Please spell out all acronyms unless they are of well-known organizations with long names, such as UNESCO
- If you cannot be more specific about an activity, consider omitting or embellishing it. NVDA for forest is too vague—omit this information, like the above example, or add small details to flesh it out more, such as forest conservation
Example 2
- Train volunteers for and participated in the MUN as a delegate of Norway and Thailand
- Assisted in the organization of 2 MUN at XXX High School, each with an attendance of 100 people; trained 30 volunteers for two months on event planning
- Served as the delegate of Norway and Thailand; researched global warming effects and its connection to wealth inequality, negotiated practical policies and collaboration with other country delegates
Note:
- Quantify your activity and achievements whenever possible
- Be specific about the activity’s goals, results, and the soft skills you exhibited during the activity
Award/Honors/Scholarship
- Won scholarship to travel to China as a representative of XXX High School and participate in a leadership conference
- Won an NTD 8,000 academic scholarship and represented XXX High School in a 5-day leadership conference in China; learned about cross-cultural communication, different leadership styles, and learned from leaders in different industries
Note:
- Again, quantify information whenever possible, especially for scholarships
- Try to use active verbs when you can and be mindful of what actions are being emphasized, this will result in more concise and forceful descriptions. E.g. “Travel to China as a representative of XXX High School” can be shortened into “represented XXX High School…in China”. The focus of this activity is to “represent”, rather than “travel”.
- Summarize the themes and/or topics if you attend an event that has an educational component, such as a conference, seminar, camp, or competition
University of California 系統
Awards or honors
- Eligibility requirement(250字元數):評分標準/入選資格
- 這部分是針對比賽或是獎項的敘述。有多少人獲獎/參加比賽?分幾回合?評分標準/入選資格是什麼?
- Activity description(350字元數):
- 這部分是針對你在這項活動中的準備、參與、和表現。如果從比賽/獎項的名稱不能直接看出它的性質,你可以在一開始對比賽/獎項做簡短的說明。你花了多長的時間做準備?做了什麼樣的準備?你在參與過程負責什麼項目?你的獎項是個人獎還是團體獎?如果是團體活動,組員有多少人?你扮演什麼角色?你的獎項有打破什麼紀錄或是特別突出的地方嗎?
Educational preparation program
- Briefly describe the program(350字元數): 課程主要的教學內容、你從當中學到什麼?
Extracurricular activity
- What did you do(350字元數): 寫吸引的重點,你扮演的角色、貢獻、結果等
Other Coursework
- Briefly describe the course(350字元數): 非 UC's A-G subject areas 課程
Volunteer/community service
- Describe the organization(250字元數): 介紹志工組織、目的(不可抄寫/翻譯官網資訊)
- What did you do(350字元數):寫吸引的重點,你扮演的角色、貢獻、結果等
Work experience
- Describe the company or organization(250字元數): 公司人數、規模、目的
- Your responsibilities(350字元數): 寫吸引的重點,你扮演的角色、貢獻、結果等
若是不清楚組織與你所做的活動差別在哪,請參考上方「組織宗旨/目標與活動目標/形式的差異」以及以下範例。
Common Application系統
在撰寫重點上,common app與UC系統大致相同。但是因為字元數較少(150字元數),建議專注在事實,而非個人感覺、想法、心得。同時,句子應該捨去主詞“I”,盡量以動詞開頭。整體來說,common app的撰寫模式與未來申請工作或是研究所時所用的履歷是一樣的。
UC & Common App 比較
以下的範例為 UC & Common App 兩者差異,進一步了解兩個系統的撰寫模式有什麼不同。
| UC 系統 Example | Common App 系統 Example |
| Award: 1st Place, National 2nd Place, SATRO Engineering Problem Solving Challenge | |
| Eligibility requirement: The competition challenges contestants to create simple mechanisms using an egg carton to transport Lego blocks. Each team has 1 hour to develop creative solutions using the least amount of material possible. (208 characters) Activity description: Our 6-person team applied physics and engineering knowledge to reduce friction and optimize performance. We passed 3 preliminary rounds at school to advance to and win 1st place in the regional race. We designed a pulley mechanism for the finals; I supervised the project progress to ensure we worked cohesively to create a solution within time. (345 characters) |
Description: 6-person team passed 3 preliminary rounds at school to advance to and win 1st place in the regional race; designed a pulley system for finals. (142 characters) |
| Extracurricular: Founder and President of Biology Club | |
|
Activity description: Founded the club to provide academically-minded student activities, receive over 100 applications annually; work with members to design experiment-based courses, initiated collaborations with nearby university for research opportunities, convinced the school to invest in lab equipment, and inspired a cultural shift to academic student clubs. (343 characters) |
Description: Led 30 members to foster biological thinking; designed experiment-based courses, worked with universities for research, and improved lab equipment. |
| Course: Python for Everybody | |
|
Description: I took a computer science course and learned about HTML at my high school in 10th grade. I was excited to learn more about programming languages, so I studied Python on Coursera and completed several projects, including a dice rolling simulator and a text-based adventure game. (278 characters) |
Description: Studied Python on Coursera and completed several projects, including a dice rolling simulator and a text-based adventure game. (127 characters) |
| Volunteer: Event Planning Volunteer, Children Are Us Foundation |
|
Organization description: Children Are Us’ mission is to help people with intellectual development disorders live a dignified life and reach their full potential. They offer professional training, family assistance, and destigmatize developmental disorders through education. (249 characters)
|
Description: Assisted in organizing 10 workshops and speeches, coordinated with partners, learned about and advocated for people with developmental disorders. (146 characters) |
| Job title/Company: Intern, HTC Taiwan |
|
Company description: HTC is a Taiwanese consumer electronics company. It began as a design manufacturer of smartphones, laptops, and equipment. It now includes virtual reality research and development. (181 characters) Job description: I worked with Senior R&D Engineers on projects about virtual reality and 5G network technology. I was excited to learn about real-life applications of computer science and engineering. I specifically learned about the production of VR and smartphone components, including battery, display, camera, and microphones. (315 characters) |
Description: Worked with Senior R&D Engineers on projects about virtual reality and 5G network; learned about the production of VR and smartphone components. (145 characters) |
以下為 名校&科系 履歷範例參考
- MIT: Master of Business Analytics
- UCLA: Master of Science in Business Analytics
- Princeton University: Master in Finance
- Stanford University: Master of Science in Computer Science
- Stanford University: Master of Science in Computer Science and Mathematics
- Northwestern University: Master of Engineering Management
- Northwestern University: Master of Science in Analytics
- New York University: Master of Science in Mathematics in Finance
- Duke University: MEng in Biomedical Engineering/ECE/Environmental Engineering